OK, so you have CSAA and MSAA.
MSAA = Multi-Sampled Anti-Aliasing, this is supported on both ATI and Nvidia hardware and has long been the default standard AA method for games, instead of taking 4 colour samples from each pixel in the original image, only one is taken, though still 4 colour values (Z samples) are stored in memory. Thus, MSAA is far less costly than SSAA as far as fillrate is concerned, however as four colour values are stored in memory the bandwidth and memory requirements remain the same. Now this is all hunky dory when a scene only contains geometric objects, but as is very common these days most scenes contain alpha textures. When alpha textures are used in a scene and MSAA is used, you can get adverse effects and artifacts. To solve those issues there are other forms of AA like TAA.
When you get to 8x and 16x MSAA, performance setbacks are very very severe and little return is made. For example, at 16xMSAA, 16 colour/Z samples are stored for every single pixel. This is essentially impossible today, even on modern graphics cards. As such an alternative is needed, this is where CSAA comes in.
CSAA = Coverage Sample Anti-Aliasing. This is found only on recent nvidia graphics cards (from the GeForce 8 series onwards, AMD has their own version of CSAA that is essentially the same thing). CSAA takes only 1 colour sample per pixel, the same as MSAA. The benefit to CSAA is that, as the coverage samples grow to 8x and 16x, instead of storing 8/16 colour/Z samples per pixel, only 4 are taken. This dramatically reduces bandwidth and memory requirements over MSAA.
Thus, at 16xAA, CSAA has a similar quality to MSAA but is far cheaper.
Now, 16xQ CSAA is the same as CSAA except 8 colour samples are taken from each pixel instead of 4 as in standard CSAA or 16 as in MSAA. As such it is of higher quality than regular 16x CSAA.
So, as per your question:
8xMSAA will take one colour sample and will store 8 values, and has a sample coverage of 8 (hence the 8x).
16x CSAA will take one colour sample, store 4 values and has a sample coverage of 16.
16xQ CSAA will take one colour sample, store 8 values and has a sample coverage of 16.
So, in conclusion, if you can use it, and your computer is capable of it, use the 16xQ CSAA.