Conservatism is Burke, who responded to Paine’s The Right’s of Man Part First by bringing charges of sedition. Paine had already left to join Jefferson in France, but was prosecuted and tried in absentia for sedition.
Conservatism opposes democracy. The philosophy itself arose as an opposing reaction to the implementation of democracy in the United States previously, and to the threat of democracy displacing monarchy in France, which both Paine and Jefferson supported.
Conservatism is the idea that social stability can only come when the ignorant majority are governed through a minority of hereditary aristocracy. It relies on an idea Burke called ‘hereditary wisdom’, which basically says that ignorance and wisdom, rationality and irrationality, civility and incivility are hereditary traits that run through family blood lines. That some humans are born to ability to use logic and reason and others are not, that some humans are born civilized and others not and can not learn civility, but can only be governed by those who are.
In other words, ‘the people’ are hereditarily incapable of self-governance because they are uncivilized and irrational, and can only be governed by a hereditary aristocracy. And so the mechanics of law must insure the inheritance of wealth, land, power, and title, in order to maintain that a noble class should always govern, lest civilization, society, and nation collapse.
That’s conservatism is a nutshell.
Paine and Jefferson disagreed with conservatism, of course, and when Paine published the Part first of The Rights of Man while in England in 1791 as an opposing response to Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France, Burke, an MP, charged him with sedition - that’s how much respect the founder of conservatism had for freedom of speech and of the press. The very idea of democracy, expressed publicly was a crime to Burke.