@OP
To solve linear equations in general, you need the Gauss-Algorithm. To get one specified value for each of n variables, you need n linearly independent equations. You write those equations in a matrix form and transform it into a “triangle form” (dunno the english expression). If you have linear dependencies, you cannot resolve each variable but instead the systems yields linear functions. What you are dealing with is just the 2d case where there is one x (if dy/dx != 0) intercept and y intercept (if dy/dx < infinity). If you have a variable slope, you need two equations to get the y intercept and the slope (as the slope is a third variable), which corresponds to two points that must be given (or one point and the derivative at one point, directly yielding the slope).
Yes
Unfortunately the original poster is working with basic algebra and assumed only knows up to it.