You forgot Nelson Mandela.
Wait, seriously? You think that Al Qaeda and other transnational terrorist groups would be able to perform mass recruitment drives if there wasn’t something more tangible? They don’t hate us for the way that we treat our women, they hate us for the fact that we consistently fucked up their entire region over the course of the last century. And there are things we could do to stop it. Actively trying to rebuild Afghanistan would be one course of action. Getting the hell out of the Middle East would be another.
Al Qaeda is built on a Wahhabist-style rhetoric of a jihad, or holy war in defence of the Islamic community (also called ummah). The key is that it is a defence of the Islamic community. The way that they have been able to engender this view of the US as a threat that needs to be defended against is because the US consistently has shown a complete disregard for the sanctity of the region and the need to deal with the needs of the Middle Eastern people, specifically the Arab populations.
Examples of this include the various interventions on behalf of Israel, the First and Second Gulf Wars, Afghanistan (Mark 1) and even the Iraqi invasion, all of which could have been avoided. The fact that the US has constantly proclaimed an interventionist agenda in the region means that Al Qaeda’s rhetoric of ‘self-defence’ has gained some credence. And that’s the thing that sustains the movement; the constant interventionist policy of each successive US administration that has to deal with the Middle East. Only Obama has shown even the slightest of nuance in the region.
Moreover, the US gave Al Qaeda and the Taliban weapons throughout the Afghan war in the late 70s and 80s, all in the name of stopping the Soviet threat to US resource interests in the Persian Gulf. They blatantly disregarded the potential for the spread of Islamic extremism and not only that, they left the country after the Soviets withdrew, and continued to fund the mujahideen fighting in the area so that they would overthrow the pro-Soviet government. That’s putting aside the fact that the Soviets never proclaimed an interests in the Persian Gulf.
Basically, the US shot themselves in the foot in every way conceivable. The way that they move forward is a task of winning the hearts and minds of the Arab populations. If they show the people in the region that they are more interested in working with them, rather than against them, then you destroy the credence of Al-Qaeda-esque arguments, and effectively ‘win’ the War on Terror. The problem with the Bush administration was that they never showed a motivation to even deal with the Arab community, much less acquiesce to some of their requests, because they saw them as the “enemy”. Only when you don’t do either of things can you move forwards, and its something that the US never, up until recently, showed an interest in doing.